Kuwait Court of Cassation principle number 1491

Deception in the offence of fraud. Deceit practised by the offender upon the victim to induce the latter to surrender property in his possession through the use of fraudulent methods. Fraudulent methods. What they lead to. - The absence, from the facts stated in the judgment and the incriminating evidence, of anything justifying the belief that the appellant participated in forging the female victim's signature on the banking facilities contracts, and its failure to specify the limits of the appellant's agency in managing the female victim's establishment and whether or not it authorised him to conclude those contracts on her behalf, and the effect thereof on establishing or negating the offence of fraud. Inadequacy of reasoning and flawed inference requiring its cassation. This is not altered by the judgment's reliance on the appellant being the person with an interest in concluding those contracts, so long as no evidence established his participation in forging them and he denied committing it and knowing of it.