Kuwait Court of Cassation principle number 3548

The superior's liability for damage caused by his subordinate through his unlawful act. Its basis. That it be committed by him in the performance of his duties or by reason thereof; the relationship of subordination exists even if the superior was not free to choose his subordinate. - The relationship of subordination. Founded on the superior's actual authority to supervise and direct the subordinate, whether or not the superior exercised it, and the subordinate's unlawful act occurring in the performance of his duties or by reason thereof. - Inferring the relationship of subordination. For the court of merits. Condition thereof.