Kuwait Court of Cassation principle number 187

A person acting as agent for another without having established capacity to represent him, either because such representation does not exist or because his disposition exceeds its limits. Its import. The effects of his disposition, in terms of the rights and obligations it creates, are not attributable to the principal unless he ratifies it. The reason for that. The person dealing with the agent must ascertain the existence and limits of the agency, and if he fails to do so, he bears the consequences of his failure. The principal's contribution, through his fault by omission or commission, to creating an outward appearance capable of misleading a third party and making him excusable in believing that the agency exists and extends to this disposition, without any failure by the third party to ascertain the truth. Its effect. The apparent agent is then deemed a representative of the principal. - Inferring whether apparent agency exists. For the trial court, without review. The condition for that. - Undisclosed agency:-