Article 2 of Traffic Law

Definitions: In applying the provisions of this Law and the regulations and decisions implementing it, the following terms shall have the meanings set out opposite each of them: 1) Vehicle: Every means of transport or traction having wheels or tracks, propelled by mechanical or physical power (human or animal). 2) Motor vehicle: Every vehicle propelled by a mechanical engine, including motor vehicles designated for agriculture, construction work, or lifting machinery. 3) Automobile: Every motor vehicle normally used to transport persons or things or both, or to tow vehicles intended to transport persons or things or both. 4) Trailer: Every vehicle without an engine designed and manufactured to be towed or drawn by another motor vehicle. 5) Semi-trailer: Every trailer designed and manufactured with the intention that it be mounted behind a tractor automobile, with part of it resting on part of that tractor automobile, the trailer and tractor constituting a single unit. 6) Articulated vehicle: Every automobile connected to a semi-trailer, together constituting a single unit. 7) Motorcycle: Every vehicle having two or more wheels and equipped with a mechanical engine, to which a carriage (basket or box) may be attached, not designed in the form of an automobile, and intended to transport persons or things. 8) Ordinary bicycle: Every vehicle having two or more wheels and not equipped with a mechanical engine, propelled by the power of its rider, and intended to transport persons or things. 9) Maximum weight: The maximum permissible weight of the vehicle's load. 10) Unladen weight: The weight of the vehicle with its tanks filled with the necessary fuel no and containing the tools it normally carries and which are required for repair operations, without its driver or any passenger or load. 11) Gross weight: The total weight of the vehicle, including the driver, passengers, goods, and any other load.37412. 12) Driver: Every person who drives a vehicle, or herds of cattle, or sheep, or draught animals, or pack animals, or riding animals. 1) The last two paragraphs 28-29 were added pursuant to Decree-Law No. 5 of 2025. 13) Passenger: Every person who is in an automobile or is alighting from it or boarding it, other than the driver. 14) Pedestrians: Persons walking on foot. Persons pushing or pulling a bicycle, a baby carriage, a carriage for a sick person or a person with a disability, or a one-wheeled handcart shall be deemed pedestrians. 15) Road: The entire surface prepared for public traffic. 16) Expressway: A road specifically prepared for automobile traffic that does not directly serve properties adjacent to the road and has the following characteristics: a- The road surface consists of two paved sections, one for each direction, separated from each other by an island not intended for traffic or by any other means. Its character shall not be altered by the temporary presence of certain stretches without continuous lanes or a divider between the two directions of traffic. b- It does not intersect at the same level with any road or pedestrian crossing path. c- Automobiles may enter or leave this road only at places designated for that purpose. 17) Carriageway: The section of the road normally used for vehicle traffic. 18) Road lane: Any of the longitudinal sections into which the carriageway is divided, whose width permits passage of a single line of successive vehicles, whether or not marked by longitudinal markings on the road surface. 19) Sidewalk: The part of the road bordering it on both sides and intended for pedestrian movement. Islands situated in the middle of the road shall be deemed sidewalks. 20) Road shoulder: A part of the road bordering it on both sides and intended for emergency stopping of automobiles. 21) Intersection: Every meeting, convergence, or branching of roads at the same level, including the open area resulting therefrom. 22) Direction of traffic: Means the right-hand side of the road. 23) Stopping: The stopping of a vehicle for a period necessitated by traffic requirements, persons alighting or boarding, or goods being loaded or unloaded. 24) Parking: The presence of a vehicle in a place for a specified or unspecified period for reasons other than those mentioned in the preceding item. 25) Driving light: The vehicle light used to illuminate the road for a long distance ahead of the vehicle. 26) Meeting light: The vehicle light used to illuminate the road ahead of the vehicle for a limited distance without dazzling or inconveniencing drivers coming in the opposite direction. 27) Position lights: The front and rear lights of the vehicle that signal its presence and indicate its width from the front and rear. 28) Traffic enforcement and monitoring devices are: Current and future modern technological means in the fields of imaging, recording, and transmission, operating automatically or manually to detect traffic violations and monitor roads. 29) Alternative penalties are: The penalties provided for in this Law which a judge may impose by judgment or order instead of the principal penalty in the cases specified in this Law and its Executive Regulations.