Kuwait Court of Cassation principle number 841

Criminal intent in forgery offenses. It is established by altering the truth in a document by recording a forged fact in the guise of a true fact, with knowledge of the truth concerning the forged fact and the intention to alter it in the document. - Legal truths in criminal matters. Are not derived from conjectures and hypotheses. They must be based on actual certainty. - The statements of the investigating officer in the investigations. Merely the opinion of their maker, which may be correct or mistaken. A conviction may not properly be based upon them. - The accused's receipt of sums of money in return for procuring forged documents. Does not conclusively establish his knowledge of their forgery or his agreement with another accused to that effect. - The absence from the case papers of anything indicating the accused's agreement to procure residence permits by forgery and his knowledge that they were forged. Its effect: absence of the intent to alter the truth in a forged document necessary to establish the offense of complicity in forgery. Even if he was negligent in ascertaining the truth. An acquittal must be entered.