Article 1 of Electronic Transactions Law

In applying the provisions of this Law, the following terms shall have the meanings indicated opposite each of them, as follows:- Electronic: Everything connected with information technology and having electrical, digital, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic or photonic capabilities, or other similar means, whether wired or wireless, and any technologies that may be developed in this field. Electronic writing: Any letters, numbers, symbols or any other marks affixed to an electronic, digital or optical medium or any other similar means, conveying a perceptible meaning and capable of subsequent retrieval. Electronic data: Data having electronic characteristics in the form of texts, symbols, sounds, drawings, images, computer programs or databases. Electronic data processing system: An electronic system for creating, entering, retrieving, sending, receiving, extracting, storing, displaying or processing information or messages electronically. Electronic medium: The electronic medium and mechanism used to preserve electronic information. Electronic document or record: A set of data or information created, stored, extracted, copied, sent, communicated or received wholly or partly by electronic means, on a tangible medium or on any other electronic medium, and capable of retrieval in an intelligible form. Electronic message: Electronic data sent or received by electronic means, regardless of the means of extracting it at the place where it is received. Originator: The natural or legal person who sends, or on whose behalf there is sent, a document or record by means of an electronic message, or who is established to have created or sent the document or record before its preservation. An entity performing therein the task of a service provider in relation to producing, processing, sending or preserving that electronic document or record and other services related thereto shall not be considered an originator. Addressee: The natural or legal person to whom the originator of the document or record intended to direct it. A person providing services in relation to receiving, processing or preserving the electronic document or record and other services related thereto shall not be considered an addressee. Electronic transaction: Any dealing or agreement concluded or performed wholly or partly through electronic means and correspondence. Law Index 570 Home Page Electronic Transactions Law Law No. 20 of 2014 Concerning Electronic Transactions Automated electronic system: A program or electronic computer system prepared to act or respond to an act independently, wholly or partly, without the intervention or supervision of any natural person at the time the act or response occurs. Electronic signature: Data taking the form of letters, numbers, symbols, signs or otherwise, included electronically, digitally, optically or by any other similar means in an electronic document or record, or added thereto or necessarily associated therewith, and having a character that permits identification of the person who signed it and distinguishes him from others. Protected electronic signature: An electronic signature satisfying the conditions of Article 19 of this Law. Electronic signature tool: A device or electronic data uniquely prepared to operate independently or in conjunction with other electronic devices and data to affix an electronic signature of a specified person. This process includes any systems or devices that produce or capture unique data such as codes, computational methods, letters, numbers, private keys, personal identification numbers or characteristics. Signatory: The natural or legal person possessing his own electronic signature creation data and tool, who signs the electronic document, record or message on his own behalf or on behalf of someone who authorizes him or whom he legally represents, using that tool and those data. Electronic payment: The process of transferring and paying money through electronic means. Electronic payment means: The means enabling its holder to carry out electronic payment operations. Financial institution: A bank, finance company, investment company financing activity» or exchange company subject to the supervision of the Central Bank of Kuwait, or any institution authorized to conduct money transfers or electronic payments in accordance with the provisions of the laws in force. Unlawful entry: Any financial entry against the customer’s account resulting from an electronic message sent in his name without his knowledge or consent or without authorization from him. Certification service provider: The natural or legal person accredited and licensed by the competent authority to issue electronic certification certificates or any services or tasks related thereto and to electronic signatures and regulated under the provisions of the Law. Electronic certification certificate: The certificate issued by the licensed entity which authenticates proof of attribution of the electronic signature to a specified person and establishes the connection between the