Article 21 of Law Regulating Expert Services

A- If he is the spouse of one of the litigants or is related to him by blood or marriage up to the fourth degree, or if he or his wife has an existing dispute with one of the litigants or with that litigant's spouse, unless that dispute was instituted by the litigant or his spouse after the expert's appointment with the intention of seeking his recusal. B- If he is the agent of one of the litigants in his private affairs, his testamentary guardian or curator, or his presumptive heir, or is the spouse of the testamentary guardian or curator of one of the litigants, or is related by blood or marriage up to the fourth degree to that testamentary guardian or curator, or to a member of the board of directors of the company party to the litigation or one of its managers, and that member or manager has a personal interest in the action. C- If he, his wife, any of his relatives by blood or marriage in the direct line, or any person for whom he acts as agent, legal guardian, testamentary guardian or curator has an interest in the pending action. D- If he works for one of the litigants, or has habitually shared meals or accommodation with one of them, or Law Index 733 Home Page Law Regulating Expert Services Decree-Law No. 40 of 1980 Promulgating the Law Regulating Expert Services has received a gift from him. E- If there is enmity or affection between him and one of the litigants such as would make it likely that he cannot perform his assignment without bias.