Kuwait Court of Cassation principle number 2222

A challenge alleging forgery. A means of defense on the merits of the action. It suffices that it be stated in a memorandum submitted by the challenger or recorded in the hearing minutes, without requiring its inclusion in a separate report deposited with the court registry. The challenge must be made explicitly and unequivocally, specifying the portions alleged to be forged, the evidence thereof, and the investigative procedures by which it is sought to be proved. Denial of the correctness of the particulars in the document is insufficient for the challenge to be deemed raised. - Failure to pursue a challenge alleging forgery and stopping at denying the authenticity of the document on the basis of presumptions. The challenged judgment's adjudication of the appellants' defense concerning the instrument and the merits of the action in a single judgment. Correct.