Article 231 of Kuwaiti Penal Code

Any deception by which its perpetrator intends to cause a person to be mistaken, or to keep that person in the mistake under which that person was already labouring, in order to induce that person to deliver property in that person's possession, and which results in the delivery of the property to the perpetrator or to another, shall constitute fraud, whether the deception is by speech, writing or gesture. The use of fraudulent methods capable of making people believe in the existence of a nonexistent fact, concealing an existing fact, or distorting the truth of a fact shall constitute deception. This includes creating the illusion of a fictitious enterprise, changing the truth of that enterprise or concealing its existence, or one of the hope of obtaining an illusory profit, or creating a fictitious debt instrument or concealing an existing debt instrument, or disposing of property which the person disposing of it has no right to dispose of, or assuming a false name or falsely claiming a capacity.